Methodology
Some nursing facilities share a physical campus — and often a corporate operator — with a long-term care setting that sits outside federal CMS oversight. We call these dual-status campuses, and they matter for continuity of care research and accountability tracing.
A dual-status campus has at least two distinct licensed settings — typically a federally-certified Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) alongside one or more state-regulated components such as an Assisted Living Facility (ALF), a Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC), or a Community-Based Residential Facility (CBRF).
The SNF portion holds a Medicare and/or Medicaid certification number (CCN) and is therefore subject to federal CMS oversight: annual health inspections, quarterly staffing reporting via PBJ, quality measure reporting, and civil monetary penalty authority. The non-SNF portion is licensed only at the state level, with oversight intensity that varies widely by state.
When the same operator runs both the SNF and the adjacent LTC building, the management culture, staffing philosophies, and financial pressures flow across the whole campus. A history of federal deficiencies or CMP penalties is a meaningful signal about leadership priorities — not just about a discrete licensed unit.
Dual-status campuses often market themselves on the ability to "age in place." A family placing a parent in the SNF after a hospitalization may be implicitly choosing a long-term home. Understanding what the neighboring buildings are — and who runs them — is essential context.
REIT sale-leaseback structures and management-company turnover often affect an entire campus at once. Tracking these transitions is the purpose of our operator history records — a new operator may have no prior CMS deficiency record yet share a campus with a facility that has a long enforcement history.
We use three signals in combination. A match on any two of the three is sufficient to flag a campus relationship:
We store detected campus relationships in the sibling_facility_ids column on the facility record. This is a machine-suggested relationship — we do not have a human-verified ground truth for every campus in our coverage area.
REIT sale-leaseback transactions frequently involve entire campuses rather than individual licensed units. A few recurring patterns in our coverage area:
We store point-in-time operator transitions in our facility_operator_history table. Researchers and reporters can request export of this data for specific campuses.